In simple terms, a research methodology defines what the activity of research is, how to proceed, how to measure progress, and what constitutes success.

The problem with all kinds of research methodologies is how to distil large volumes of data into information, which when applied to current thinking creates knowledge in the researcher. As you may already know, you cannot pass on knowledge, merely data or information. It is up to the reader to turn your knowledge into theirs, by reading and disseminating the information provided in your research report. Distilling large volumes of data into clear, precise advice which can be used by the person to re-create the experiment (action), formulate plans or make difficult business decisions.

The different types of research methodologies are:

Quantitative Methodologies:
Quantitative methodologies allow you to assign numbers to the data that you gather. For example:

• Statistical
• Surveys – where closed type questions are used.
• Experimental

Qualitative Methodologies:
Qualitative methodologies allow you to gather data that reflect the content and meaning of an event or the perspective of an individual. For example:

• Interviews
• Surveys – where open ended questions are posed
• Questionnaires
• Field Research – observation and questions of the participant whilst “working”

Of course, research methodologies can combine both types for example Surveys can combine both open and closed questions, allowing the researcher to gain additional information which can be analysed and followed up where necessary with further work, eg., Field Research.